Lead-acid battery alternatives for electric vehicles: sodium batteries, cyclic charging and discharging 2000 times, is expected

Electric vehicles are essential transportation for people's short-distance travel, however, in the process of using the battery life and range problems plaguing owners are also troubling everyone. Traditional lead-acid batteries,Battery recycling although the use of safety, but the use of short life, low energy density; lithium batteries, although high energy density, long service life advantages, but the use of improper fire will burn, threatening the user's personal safety and property. So, is there a safe and long service life of the battery? The answer is yes, that is, sodium batteries.

1.What is sodium battery

Sodium battery refers to the sodium ion (Na⁺) as the positive active material, graphite or lithium titanate and other materials as the negative active material, electrolyte containing Na⁺ solution of the battery. Sodium battery is a new type of battery with high energy,cylindrical cell assembly machine high safety and low cost, which has the advantages of fast charging, long life and high efficiency.

Compared with traditional lead-acid batteries, sodium batteries have up to 2000 cycles of charging and discharging, which can greatly extend battery life and reduce replacement costs and environmental pollution. Sodium batteries have entered the practical stage, and have important application value in energy storage, electric vehicles and power grid backup.

2. What are the advantages of sodium batteries over lead-acid batteries?

High energy density: under the same volume, sodium batteries have higher energy than lead-acid batteries, which can provide a longer range.

Long life: sodium batteries have a long life,battery making machine the number of cycles of charge and discharge can reach thousands of times, and in high temperature and high humidity and other environmental conditions show better stability.

Fast charging: compared with lead-acid batteries, sodium batteries have a faster charging speed.

Environmentally friendly: the materials used in sodium batteries are more environmentally friendly compared to lead-acid batteries, which are friendly to the environment and have no pollutants.

Low cost: the material cost of sodium battery is relatively low, so compared with lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries have a better price-performance ratio.

Compared with lead-acid batteries, sodium batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long life, fast charging, environmental protection and low cost. In addition, sodium batteries in the electrolyte and negative electrode material research and development there is a lot of room for improvement, the future development potential should not be underestimated.

3. What is the concept of sodium battery cycle charging and discharging 2000 times?

Charging: During the charging process, the sodium ions in the positive electrode material gradually detach and pass through the electrolyte through the diaphragm to reach the negative electrode material, combining with the electrons in the negative electrode material to generate pure sodium metal, and at the same time, the electrons flow through the external circuit to complete the charging.

Discharge: during the discharge process, pure sodium metal enters into the negative electrode material, combines with sodium ions in the negative electrode material and releases electrons, which flow through the external circuit to generate electricity.

Reaction equilibrium: in the process of charging and discharging, sodium ions in the electrolyte are circulated between the positive and negative electrodes to maintain the battery's electroneutrality and mass conservation.

Process control: The charging and discharging process of sodium battery needs to be accomplished by controlling the current of the series circuit and the load of the external circuit to ensure that the charging and discharging process can be carried out smoothly to avoid battery damage and over-discharge.

The cyclic charging and discharging process of the sodium battery is a process of detaching sodium ions from the positive electrode material, transporting them through the electrolyte to the negative electrode material to generate pure sodium metal, and returning them to the negative electrode material to generate sodium ions during the discharging process, which needs to be accomplished by the control circuit, and maintaining the electrically neutrality and mass conservation through the electrolyte.

Sodium batteries and the significance of cyclic charging and discharging 2000 times

Sodium battery is a new type of renewable battery, its biggest feature is that it can work in high temperature environment and has a long charging cycle life. The 2000 cycles of charging and discharging means that the sodium battery can be charged and discharged more than 2000 times, which is an important technical indicator to promote the application and popularization of sodium battery.

The number of cycle charge/discharge is a reference to the service life of a kind of battery. The cyclic charge/discharge capacity of sodium battery indicates the ability of sodium ions to pass through the electrode and electrolyte as well as the stability performance of the battery. In addition, this technical index also indicates the economy of the battery, because the more times of charging, the longer the service life of the battery, which usually means lower cost of use.

A 2000 cycle charge/discharge is a huge improvement for sodium batteries. While some current low-cost batteries have only a few hundred charge/discharge lifetimes, sodium batteries have a much higher number of cycles under equivalent test conditions, suggesting that it is a more reliable battery technology.

Therefore, the significance of sodium batteries and the cycle charge/discharge 2000 times is that it shows the advantages of reliability, high energy density, long life, fast charging, environmental friendliness and low cost, as well as the fact that sodium batteries have important applications in energy storage, electric vehicles and grid backup.

4. Application and Prospect of Sodium Battery in Electric Vehicle Field

Sodium batteries have higher energy density than lead-acid batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, and can provide longer driving range for electric vehicles. Sodium batteries can be charged and discharged more than 2000 times, compared with lead-acid batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries have a longer service life.

Sodium batteries can still work normally under high temperature environment, this feature makes sodium batteries have a wide range of application prospects in the hot summer or high temperature areas of the electric vehicle market. Compared with other batteries, the composition of sodium batteries is more environmentally friendly, does not contain harmful substances, is conducive to environmental protection.

At present, the production technology of sodium batteries has gradually matured and mass production, the cost is also gradually reduced, with better market competitiveness. Therefore, the application of sodium batteries in the field of electric vehicles has a very broad prospect, especially in high temperature areas and long-distance driving in the field of market demand. With the continuous breakthrough of sodium battery technology, its application areas will be more extensive.

Sodium batteries have shown good stability and high energy density in practical applications, and are expected to become a reliable energy storage technology. However, compared with other batteries, it also has some problems.

Larger size: Compared to lithium-ion batteries with the same energy density, sodium-ion batteries are relatively large.

Higher self-discharge rate: Although sodium-ion batteries store electricity for a longer period of time, their self-discharge rate is faster and needs to be replenished from time to time.

Charging and discharging efficiency is not high: compared with lithium-ion batteries of the same energy density, the charging and discharging efficiency of sodium-ion batteries is relatively low.

Safety issues: Sodium-ion batteries are prone to thermal runaway in overcharging and high temperature environments, resulting in fire and other safety hazards.

Vehicle adaptability: Currently, most electric vehicles and electric cars use lithium-ion batteries, so to adapt to sodium-ion batteries, the design and manufacturing costs of electric vehicles will increase.

As a new type of renewable battery technology, sodium batteries still have some shortcomings, although they have shown better stability and long life and other advantages in application. Further improvements and higher levels of manufacturing technology are needed.